Maintain a healthy pond environment
A substantial water change, up to 50%, removes contaminants and helps maintain improved water conditions throughout the winter. This seasonal water change is best done before water temperatures drop below 60°F. This is also a great time to remove organic materials accumulated on the bottom of your pond.
Change fish diet and feeding schedule
As water temperatures dip into the 60°F range, cut back on feedings and mix
staple diet with a
wheat germ diet. Once water temperatures reach around 50°F, only offer wheat germ diet to your fish. Stop feeding when water temperature is at 40°F and do not feed again until water temperatures are consistently over 50°F in the spring.
Keep falling leaves out of your pond
Secure a
pond net over your pond. When leaves begin to pile up on the net, disconnect one side, remove debris, and repeat the process until all of the leaves have dropped from the trees. Remove any remaining leaves from your pond with a
pond vacuum,
net, or rake.
Plant maintenance
Remove or bring
tropical plants indoors. Once they are no longer green, trim
hardy water lilies down to about an inch or two above the crown and move them to a deeper part of the pond. Trim
marginal or bog plants or leave some for winter interest.
Equipment check
Thoroughly clean your
pond filters during fall. When water temperature drops below 40°F, shut down the
water pump and remove the
filter media to prevent damage due to freezing. Drain and store pump and filter media per manufacturer's recommendation.
Winter preparations
It is crucial to provide proper gas exchange throughout the winter. If extended periods of freezing temperatures are common in your area, install a
de-icer or an
aerator. These devices maintain an opening and prevent ice from forming completely over the pond surface. If you have an
aeration kit, place it near the surface to prevent colder water/air from mixing with warmer water near the bottom of the pond.
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